Objective To investigate the expression of complement C1q protein in the hippocampal tissues of human and rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its relationship with synaptic remodeling.Methods The amount of C1q was measured in the hippocampal tissues from 34 patients with TBI after traffic accidents and 20 sudden cardiac death through immunohistochemical SP method.The levels of C1q and Synapsin I in the hippocampus of rats with TBI were de-termined by Western blotting.Then, the relationship between the amount of C1q during the recovery period of TBI and synaptic plasticity in the damaged brain tissues was analyzed.Results Patients with TBI after traffic accidents showed remarkably higher positive rates of C1q within one week (83.18 ±4.95)%and over one week (32.34 ±4.63)%, com-pared with those with sudden cardiac death (8.07 ±0.33)%(P<0.05).In the rat model of traumatic brain injury, the amount of C1q protein significantly increased at 6 h after TBI, reached the peak at 12 h, declined gradually after 24 h and remained still higher than the sham operation group and the control group ( P<00.5 ) .Two weeks after injury, the level of C1q appears to increase for the second time and maintained to 8 weeks (P<0.05).Meanwhile, similar changes were found in the expression of Synapsin I.Conclusion C1q protein participates in the clearing of synapses in early craniocerebral injury and may be involved in synaptic plasticity during recovery period.%目的：研究补体C1 q蛋白在颅脑损伤者和大鼠颅脑损伤模型海马组织中的表达及其与突触重塑的关系。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测34例交通事故颅脑损伤死者和20例心源性猝死者海马组织C1q表达， Western－blotting检测大鼠颅脑损伤模型海马区C1q及Synapsin I的表达，分析C1q在颅脑损伤修复期的表达及与脑损伤组织突触重塑的相关性。结果①34例交通事故颅脑损伤死者海马组织C1q的阳性表达率在1周内（83．18±4．95）及1周外（32．34±4．63）与对照组20例心源性猝死者（8．07±0．33）相比明显升高（ P＜0．05）。②在大鼠颅脑损伤模型中，C1q蛋白表达在损伤6h 即明显增加，12 h时出现高峰，24 h后逐渐下降，至1周时表达仍较假手术组及对照组高（P＜0．05）；损伤后2周时， C1q的表达出现第2次增高并维持至8周（P＜0．05）；与同时期突触蛋白Synapsin I的变化一致。结论 C1q蛋白在颅脑损伤早期参与神经突触的清除作用并可能在神经损伤修复期参与突触重塑。
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