张岱《石匮书》的史学价值及其缺失

摘要

Zhang Dai was originally a good-for-nothing young man from a wealthy family, and was only committed to the compiling of the history of the Ming Dynasty in extreme difficult circumstances after the fall of the Ming Dynasty. With the Ming Chronicle enraged by the frequent tampering, the arbitrary compliment and criticism, and deliberate concealment by other contemporary history compilers, Zhang was determined to make a comprehensive collation of the history of the Ming Dynasty and correct the distortions. His representative history works Shi Kui Shu and A Sequel to Shi Kui Shu are characterized by ＂seeking truth in events, ensuring exactness in quotations＂. In style, Zhang＇s Shi Kui Shu follows the example of Shi Ji （Historical Records）, yet is still innovative in some aspects. The preface to the book embodies Zhang＇s core history outlook, and his criteria in judging historical people and events.%张岱原是出生于钟鸣鼎食之家的纨绔子弟，明亡后在异常艰苦的情况下致力于明史的纂修。他对《明实录》屡遭篡改及各种当代史在编纂过程中的任情褒贬、曲笔讳饰等种种弊端深恶痛绝，决心对明代历史进行全面的整理，订正其中的“诬妄”。其史学代表作《石匮书》、《石匮书后集》具有“事必求真，语必务确”的特点。在体例上仿效《史记》，但有所创新。其中序论集中反映了张岱的历史观及其对人物、事件评价的标准。