膳食平衡指数法评价妊娠糖尿病孕妇膳食质量

摘要

目的：评价乌鲁木齐市汉族妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）孕妇的膳食质量，为孕妇营养指导提供依据。方法选取2014年3月－2015年1月在新疆乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院进行产前检查的汉族孕妇作为调查对象，确诊为妊娠期糖尿病的248名孕妇为 GDM组，选择同期检查的年龄、孕周相近的248名健康孕妇为非 GDM组。采用24 h膳食回顾法调查其食物摄入情况，应用中国膳食平衡指数法（DBI-07）评价两组孕妇的膳食质量，并比较两组孕妇膳食营养异同。结果 GDM组孕妇体质指数为（24．17±2．94）kg／m2，大于非 GDM组（22．61±2．88）kg／m2，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。GDM组孕妇能量每日摄入量为（2115．99±526．65）g，高于非 GDM组（1660．84±398．18）g，脂肪、碳水化合物每日摄入量分别为（45．18±23．49）g、（363．06±106．46）g，均高于非 GDM组（31．51±10．69）g和（293．09±78．71）g，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．01）。两组孕妇蛋白质摄入量差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）；GDM组与非 GDM组孕妇 LBS、HBS和DQD差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。结论相比于非糖尿病孕妇，糖尿病孕妇存在更多膳食摄入不足、膳食摄入过量和膳食不平衡的问题。%Objective To evaluate the dietary quality of pregnant women with GDM in Urumqi,and provide basis for maternal nutrition guidance.Methods From March 2014 to January 2015,Urumqi maternal and child health care hospital were investigated as the subject.248 cases of pregnant women with GDM were included in study group (GDM group).During the same period,248 cases of normal pregnant women with similar age and gestational weeks were selected as controls.twenty-four hours retrospective investigation of diet was performed to investigate the daily food intake.the dietary quality was evaluated by an adj usted DBI-07 scoring and evaluation system to analyze dietary quality of two groups pregnant women,and to compare dietary nutrition between two groups.Results The BMI of the GDM group was significantly higher than that in non GDM group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Pregnancy with GDM group,the total energy intake and carbohydrate intake,fat intake were significantly higher than those in non GDM group,the difference was significant (P <0.05),the difference of protein intake be-tween the two groups no significant (P >0.05 );The differences of LBS,HBS and DQD between two groups showed statistical difference (P <0.05).Conclusion Compared with normal pregnant women,the major dietary problems of pregnant women with GDM were diet inadequate intake,dietary excessive intake and imbalance diet.