张怀瓘书论“效法”概念场词语类聚

摘要

张怀瓘书论中表达“效法”概念的有“师、模、祖、效、范、仿、规、宪、述、则”等词，共同形成了以这些词及其组合成的词语为核心的概念词语系统。其中“师”、“模”二词类聚能力最强，在书论中场内组合最多；“则”类聚能力最弱，在书论中场内、场外组合均没有；其他诸词场内、场外组合均只有一个；“模”“祖”“仿”三词则没有场外组合。词语类聚情况亦反应了同一概念场内成员地位具有不平等性，在使用频率和构词能力方面具有差异性。在辞书编纂方面，要在特定的范围内，对同一概念场中的成语进行穷尽式的搜索、考查，以保证研究结果的可靠性，提高编纂的水平和质量。%The concepts of imitation in Zhang Huaiguan Note involve such Chinese words as"shi, mu, zu, xiao, fan, fang, gui, xian, shu, ze”, which make up the word syntagmatic system expressing the concepts of imitation. Of these words,“Shi” and “Mu” have the strongest clustering capability with the most collocations within the field, “Ze” the weakest without any collocations either within or without,“mu, zu, fang” have only one collocation each within the field, and the remaining words each have one collocation within and one without. Such cluster reflects the difference of words in a conceptual field either in terms of member status, frequency of use or generating power. It is therefore absolutely necessary in compiling dictionaries to make exhaustive search of all words within the same concept field to ensure the accountability of the study done and improve the quality of the work being compiled.