The fractal dimension is used to connect the spatial structure features of urban agglomeration with the incomes and losses of urban agglomeration to establish the optimal spatial structure model of urban agglomeration characterized by multi-element spatial distribution including the inputs outputs and population scales, etc. So as to make clear the economic connotations of the optimal spatial structure model of urban agglomeration. With Guanzhong urban agglomeration in Shaanxi as the example, the contrast is made between the optimal fractal dimension and Zipf fractal dimension evolution trend on the basis of using the urban scale benefit comparison check model effectiveness. It has been found that the spatial structure optimization direction predicted by the model is in agreement with the optimization norms of Zipf dimension being equal to 1 of the spatial structure of urban agglomeration.%利用分形维数将城市群空间结构特征与城市群整体收益损耗联系起来,建立包含投入、产出和人口规模等多因素空间分布分形特征的城市群最优空间结构模型,明确城市群最优空间结构的经济内涵,为城市群空间结构优化提供理论支撑.以陕西省关中城市群为例,在利用城市规模效益对比检验模型有效性的基础上,对比最优分形维数与Zipf维数演变趋势,发现模型预测的空间结构优化方向与城市群空间结构Zipf维数等于1的优化标准并不相悖.
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