在历史唯物主义视域下，马克思意识形态批判理论揭示了资本主义意识形态的双重存在：作为“社会意识”的意识形态，是实现政治解放的人作为公民对政治共同体的诉求在哲学层面的抽象表达；作为“社会存在”的意识形态即存在于市民社会的“商品拜物教”，是利己主义个人在追求私利过程中形成的实际精神。通过意识形态的批判，马克思找到了资本主义制度中天堂与地狱同在的现实根源——资本主义私有制，指明了实现人的全面解放的理论可能性和现实必然性。在意识形态领域斗争如此激烈的今天，对马克思意识形态批判进行探究不仅有利于揭穿资本主义意识形态各种新变种的理论本质，更有助于巩固中国马克思主义意识形态话语权，提升马克思主义意识形态的理论自信。1%From the perspective of historical materialism, Marx's theory of ideological criticism reveals a dual existence of capitalist ideology, that is, the ideology of social consciousness under which the politically liberated citizens demand for a political community with an abstract philosophical expression, and that of social existence in which the egoist individuals advocate commodity fetishism while pursuing their self-interest in the civil society. By means of criticizing the capitalist ideology, Marx uncovers that the capitalist private ownership leads to the coexistence of heaven and hell in the capitalist system, and therefore indicates the theoretical possibility and practical inevitability to realize human emancipation. Confronted with the severe struggles in the ideological field today, the research on Marx's critique of capitalist ideology is not only beneficial to expose the theoretical nature of the variations of capitalist ideology, but also helpful to consolidate Chinese speech right in Marxist ideology to enhance the confidence of Marxism theory.
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