词义学与隐喻性延伸

摘要

Cognitive linguistics holds that words have no fixed meaning and linguistic knowledge comes from the use of language.What language describes is not the genuine world,but people＇s perception to the true world.Theoretically guided by cognitive linguistics,this paper explores the meaning of lexical items in linguistic context.Lexical meaning depends upon language context and should be analyzed in linguistic context.Lexical sense displays encyclopaedism and background.In the course of dealing with each word and word＇s meaning,people usually motivate all the related background knowledge.Though a word has literal meaning,people don＇t always understand them according to literal sense.On the contrary,in the course of practical use,they usually understand them according to nonliteral meaning or figurative meaning.This expression means the extension of word meaning.%从认知语言学的角度来看,词语没有固定不变的意义,语言知识源自语言运用。语言描写的并不是真实的世界,而是人们对真实世界的感知。在认知语言学的理论视域中,应该分析英语中实际使用的词项在语境中的意义。词义体现着百科性,在把握每一个词及词义时,人们往往会调动其所有相关的背景知识。每个词虽然都有其本义,但在实际的运用中,人们并非总是依据其本义去理解,而常常是按非字面意义或比喻意义去理解,这就表现为词义的延伸。