正义的实现：个体的德性涵育与社会的政治建构--论亚里士多德的正义实现思想

摘要

By critically inheriting the ideas of platonic justice, Aristotle first investigates the connotation of jus-tice and its types and deeply discusses the problem of how to realize justice in his Nicomachean Ethics and Politics in a complete and systematic way.In his opinion, justice is a perfect virtue which law-abiding and equal people pay at-tention to. In fact, two ways are needed to realize it:One is individual’s moral cultivation, i.e. individuals should do just things, cultivate the virtue of justice, generosity, fraternity, and lead a life of polis;the other is the political con-struction of society, i.e. the society should construct a good government system which reflects the public interests, re-alize the rule of law and establish the mechanism of balance of power.%亚里士多德通过批判地继承柏拉图的正义思想，在《尼各马可伦理学》和《政治学》中第一次全面、系统地考察了正义概念的内涵及其种类，深入地探讨了如何实现正义的问题。在他看来，正义是人的一种守法且讲究平等的完满德性，其实现需要两个途径：一是个体的德性涵育，即个体应该做公正之事，培养公正、大度、友爱德性，过城邦生活；二是社会的政治建构，即社会应该建构一个体现公共利益的优良政体，实行法治，建立权力制衡机制。