俄国形式主义、新批评和结构主义文本解读方法比较

摘要

Russian Formalism,Anglo-American New Criticism and Structuralism are all the text-oriented critical theories.They have close relation,but still differ from each other.Russian Formalism focuses on the form and analyzes the literariness of literature by defamiliarization,while New Criticism considers the deeper form of single text as its research object,using systematic theory to obtain the rich connotations of the works.Distinguishing from the others,Structuralism explores the common model under the various appearances from the macroscopic perspective,and discovers the profound meaning of the works.%俄国的形式主义,英美新批评,及结构主义都是以文本为基础的批评方法,它们可以说是历史的承接,但又有所不同。俄国形式主义以文学语言形式为绝对的批评对象,采用陌生化理论,分析文学的文学性。新批评则是以单一文本的次深层形式为研究对象,通过系统的理论原则,获得文学作品丰富的内涵。结构主义与俄国形式主义和新批评所不同的是,它从宏观的角度,发掘纷繁复杂的表象之下的同一模式,从而揭示出作品的深刻意义。