复合人行道板上人体跌落的动力有限元分析

摘要

水泥混凝土道面材料刚度大,人体跌落其上有潜在危险.应用动力有限元程序建立了包括刚柔复合结构以及人体的三维有限元模型,分析了加铺橡胶板材水泥混凝土道面的冲击性能.根据分析模型中各对象的材料特性与分析目的确定材料模型假设,路面结构采用线弹性材料模型、橡胶板材采用Mooney-Rivlin材料模型假定、人体采用双线性硬化材料模型.人体跌落冲击的仿真结果表明人体在与路面冲击碰撞后回弹位移很小,说明材料模型假定及整个仿真分析可以合理地模拟实际的冲击过程.通过冲击时间、人体的冲击加速度及应力的对比,表明在水泥混凝土人行道面上加铺橡胶板材对于保护行人安全有明显作用.%Cement concrete walkway pavement can be potentially dangerous for pedestrian falling onto it due to high stiffness. 3D finite element model including composite structure with rigid and flexible material and human body was established using dynamic finite element code to investigate the impact performance of the rubber plate coated on cement concrete pavement. According to the material property and analysis purpose of each object in the model, the pavement structure, rubber plate and human body were assumed linear elastic material, Mooney-Rivlin material and bilinear hardening material respectively. The results of human falling impact simulation showed that the resilient displacement as the human body impacting the pavement was low, which means that the assumption of material models and the whole analysis have simulated the actual impact behavior reasonably. Through the comparison of impact time, impact acceleration and stress of human body, it could be concluded that the rubber plate coated on the cement concrete walkway pavement considerably contributed to human body safety.