Polypyrrole materials with different nano/micro structures doped by different azo dyes was prepared using soft-template self-assembly. Four different azo dyes of methyl orange, golden orange Ⅳ, orange G, and azophloxine were chosen as the dopant. The effect of the oxidants on the morphology of polypyrrole was also studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and four-point probe were carried out to characterize the structures and properties of the as-prepared polypyrrole. The results indicate that when methyl orange is highly doped in the polypyrrole chain, its conjugated structure of polypyrrole changes and the conductivities of polypyrrole is enhanced; polypyrrole with one-dimensional structure can be only obtained in the case of methyl orange as the dopant; the other azo dyes, gold orange Ⅳ orange G and azophloxine can not result in the formation of one-dimensional structure; polypyrrole doped by golden orange Ⅳ has the highest conductivity.%采用软模板自组装的方法,使用偶氮染料甲基橙为掺杂剂,以及不同的氧化剂三氯化铁、过硫酸铵(APS)制备出具有纳米/微米结构的聚吡咯材料；同时,采用了其他不同的偶氮染料金橙Ⅳ、橙黄G和偶氮荧光桃红成功合成出其他纳米/微米结构材料聚吡咯.利用傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、四探针电阻率测试仪对材料进行表征.结果表明甲基橙分子高度掺杂在聚吡咯分子链中,改变了聚吡咯分子的共轭结构,使其产生了缺陷,从而能够增加聚吡咯的导电性能；用甲基橙为掺杂剂合成的聚吡咯都成一维管状,说明甲基橙掺杂剂在反应中起到了纤维状胶束模板的作用；其他偶氮染料金橙Ⅳ、橙黄G和偶氮荧光桃红为掺杂剂时没有形成聚吡咯纳米管状结构；金橙Ⅳ体系合成的聚吡咯电导率最高.
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