“真正的社会主义”批判及其当代启示--基于《德意志意识形态》文本的研究

摘要

In the 1840s there was the emergence of “real socialism” thought in German ideology category .Marx and Engels had made incisive analysis of “real socialism” nature in The German Ideology ,proved that the “real socialism” flowed Utopian socialism gene ,and pointed out directly that“real socialism” was an important symbol of German ideology .They also made the forceful criticism of ideological significance from the philosophical premise ,the theory origin ,the class foundation and so on . Rearranging the analysis and criticism of Marxism founder of “real socialism” ,can revert the thinking approach from Marx and Engels’ the critique of“real socialism” to the real socialism and scientific socialism theory ,and deal with a new viewpoint for text study of The German Ideology ,and it also provides an important inspiration and reference for our current surging social trend of ideological criticism thought .%在19世纪40年代德意志意识形态范畴内出现了一股“真正的社会主义”思潮，马克思和恩格斯在其《德意志意识形态》中既对“真正的社会主义”本质做出了精辟的分析，举证了“真正的社会主义”流淌着空想社会主义的基因，直接指出“真正的社会主义”是德意志意识形态的重要表征；又对“真正的社会主义”分别从哲学前提、理论渊源、阶级基础等多个层面做出了意识形态性意义上的有力批判。笔者重新梳理马克思主义理论创始人对“真正的社会主义”的分析与批判，既可还原马克思和恩格斯从“真正的社会主义”批判，到真正的社会主义暨科学社会主义理论出场的思想进路，又给出了《德意志意识形态》文本研究的新视角，亦可为应对我国当下涌动的社会思潮进行意识形态批判提供重要的启示和借鉴。