轻质夹层复合吸声结构的水声性能实验研究

摘要

夹层复合吸声结构具有很强的可设计性,得到广泛的应用,但以往研究的此夹层结构的吸声芯材存在密度较大的问题.为解决此问题,采用玻璃钢作为表层材料,多种空心玻璃微珠混合填充环氧树脂和聚氨酯改性环氧树脂合成的高分子吸声材料作为芯材,设计一种轻质夹层复合吸声结构.首先研究确定了表层材料的厚度,并制作了脉冲声管测试试件,根据测试结果确定芯材的合成配方,根据此配方制作了消声水池测试试件,在消声水池中测试了其吸声系数和反射系数,最后对该结构的吸声机理进行了分析,结果证明:用空心玻璃微珠填充环氧树脂和聚氨酯改性环氧树脂可以合成低密度高分子吸声材料(相对密度0.8±0.05),用其作为芯材制作的夹层复合吸声结构具有良好的吸声性能,降低夹层结构的整体重量的同时也具有很好的声隐身效果,更有利于工程的应用.%Sound absorption structure with sandwich composite has been extensively used because it is designable.Here, in order to solving the problem that the density of sound absorption core material of previous sandwich composite structures was larger, a kind of sound absorption structure with light sandwich composite was designed.Its surface material was GFRP, and its core material was polymer sound absorption material synthesized with a variety of hollow glass microsphere, epoxy resin and polyurethane- modified epoxy resin.The thickness of the surface GERP material was studied and determined.The underwater acoustical properties of a specimen were measured in form of a sound pulse tube.The synthetic formula of the core material was determined based on the test results of the pulse tube specimen.The sample was prepareD for anechoic tank test.The sound reflection coefficient and sound absorption coefficient of this sample were measured in the anechoic tank.Then, the sound absorption mechanism of the sound absorption structure with sandwich composite was analyzed.The research results showed that polymer sound absorption material synthesized with a variety of hollow glass microsphere, epoxy resin and polyurethane-modified epoxy resin has a lower density (relative density 0.8 ±0.05); the sound absorption structure with sandwich composite has an excellent underwater sound absorption property using this core material; this light sandwich structure is helpful for engineering applications.