避险车道网索吸能系统

摘要

To make up for the deficiency of short length of some truck escape ramp,a net energy absorption system for a truck escape ramp was proposed,the system feasibility was proved with low velocity tests,the weak parts of the system were found with high velocity tests,FEA models were built to analyze influence factors on the weak parts,the system's optimization structure was obtained and its function was verified with two vehicle running tests.It was shown that the damping force can be outputted by the net energy absorption system,the occupant safety can be guaranteed with a 25 kN damping force;the damping force and vehicle mass have a smaller effect on peak output force of tension rod,the rod can be effectively guaranteed not to be broken by controlling the diameter of the rod roller to be larger than 400 mm,the mass of the rod roller to be less than 130 kg,and setting the protective net at 30 m behind the entrance of the truck escape ramp;the truck escape ramp with a slope of 9.29 and an installed stirring type damper net energy absorption system can make a 55 t truck with a speed of 104 km /h stop within a distance of 66.2 m,while it with an installed brake sheet damper net energy absorption system can make a 55 t truck with a speed of 101 km /h stop within a distance of 62.5 m. The results indicated that the net energy absorption system with reasonable design and correct setting can be an effective facility to stop brake failure vehicles.%为弥补部分避险车道长度不足，提出避险车道网索吸能系统，采用低速功能试验验证了系统可行性，采用高速功能试验找出了结构薄弱之处，建立有限元仿真模型，对结构薄弱处影响因素进行了系统分析后，得到了网索吸能系统优化结构，并组织两次实车运行试验对优化结构进行了验证。发现网索吸能系统可有效输出阻尼力，将阻尼力控制在25 kN 可有效保证乘员安全性能，阻尼力和车辆质量对传力索输出力峰值影响不大，将缠绳滚筒直径控制在400 mm 以上、质量控制在130 kg 以下，同时将防护网设置在避险车道入口后30 m 处，可有效保证传力索不会破断，坡度为9．29的砾石避险车道安装了搅拌式阻尼器网索吸能系统后可在66．2 m 的距离内使驶入速度为104 km／h 的55 t 大货车停车，安装了刹车片式阻尼器网索吸能系统后可在62．5 m 距离内使驶入速度为101 km／h 的55 t 大货车停车。结果表明，合理设计和设置的网索吸能系统是一种有效的拦截刹车失灵车辆的设施。