高速列车隧道内交会压力波基本特性数值模拟研究

摘要

The drastic crossing pressure wave of two high-speed trains in a tunnel will produce larger aerodynamic loads,which may damage the fixed equipment in the tunnel,cause the fatigue failure of train's body and components and bring hidden trouble to the safe operation of the train.A numerical simulation was carried out,in which an algorithm for pressure correction of three-dimensional,unsteady and compressible turbulent flow was adopted,and the commercial CFD software and an arbitrary sliding interfaces mesh technique were utilised.The simulation shows that the pressure waves are brought by two high-speed trains passing by each other in the tunnel with the same or different speed.The results reveal the mechanism of pressure fluctuation around the trains during their passing by each other.The details of pressure distribution characteristics were well depicted when the trains are passing by each other in the cases of head to head,head to tail and tail to tail.Furthermore,the pressure variation on the train's surface and inside the tunnel were analysed under the same and different speed.A fitted relationship between the absolute value of negative pressure peak and the train speed was provided.%高速列车隧道内交会压力波变化剧烈，产生较大的气动载荷，可能带来乘客舒适性、车体及部件和洞内固定设备气动疲劳破坏问题，给列车安全运行带来隐患。基于 CFD 软件，采用三维可压缩非定常湍流流动的模型压力修正算法和任意滑移界面网格技术，本文对高速列车隧道内等速和不等速交会压力波进行数值模拟，分析了列车交会过程中车体外部压力场的变化，较为详细地描述了头头交会、头尾交会及尾尾交会时列车头尾部部位压差的变化过程，分析了等速和不等速交会时车外及洞内压力波的变化特性，初步给出了交会时变速度列车的负压峰值绝对值与车速的拟合关系式。