坡度因子对济南市坡面土壤侵蚀特征的影响

摘要

To study the influence of slope factor on soil erosion of the runoff plot and understand the process of soil erosion, the data of runoff plot from Jinan Monitoring Experiment Station in 2014 and 2015 year were used to analyze the effects of slope factors on runoff and sediment yield.The results show that the runoff and sediment yield increase gradually with the increase of slope, and reach the maximum at slope angles of 20~25°, then fall slightly, and the overall trend is increased.Under the different rainfall intensities, the runoff and sediment yield of low-intensity rainfall (I30<40mm/h) is less than high-intensity rainfall (I30≥40mm/h).With the increase of vegetation coverage, the soil corrosion resistance is increased, and the runoff and sediment yield is decreased.The simulation results by universal soil loss equation model are basically consistent with measurement results, which shows that the model and its parameters are suitable for the study area.%为了研究坡度因子对径流小区土壤侵蚀特征的影响,认识济南南部山区坡面侵蚀的过程,充分利用济南市水文局水土保持监测实验站径流小区2014、2015年的实测数据,系统分析了坡度因子对坡面产流、产沙量的影响.结果表明:随着坡度的增大,坡面产流、产沙量逐渐增大,在坡度为20~25°时达到最大值,之后小幅减小,且整体上呈现增大的趋势;在不同雨强条件下,最大30min雨强I30<40mm/h比I30≥40mm/h的产流量、产沙量小;随着坡面植被覆盖度的增加,土壤抗蚀性提高,坡面产流量、产沙量减小;通过土壤流失方程模拟不同坡度坡面的产沙量与径流小区实际测得数据总体上差距较小,说明该模型及其参数适用于济南南部山区.