高等教育成本分担与机会均等的探析--基于美国高等教育学费制度启示

摘要

Higher education in China has entered into the stage of popularization. Quasi-public goods characteristics of higher education determines the cost sharing has become a necessity, while fruits of economic development to providea economy basis for the cost sharing. But current system of equalization tuition ignores the affordability among different regions and different income levels ,which causes an unfair phenomenon of educational opportunities for children of low income families and underdeveloped areas. This article attempts to analyze existing problems in our tuition system. Combined with the experience of the U. S. tuition system, then the Chinese tuition system optimization is proposed to implement the“progressive”tuition, promote fair educational opportunities, and improve the student financial assistance system, encourage social organizations education donation to alleviate individual cost sharing ratio and financial burden.%我国高等教育已进入大众化阶段，高等教育的准公共产品的特性决定了成本分担成为一种必然，同时经济发展的成果为成本分担提供了经济基础，但是我国现行的均等的学费制度忽略不同地区和不同收入水平的可支付能力，从而造成了不发达地区和低收入家庭子女的教育机会不公平现象，所以本文试图通过分析我国现存的学费制度存在的问题，结合分析美国的学费制度经验，进而对我国的学费制度优化提出实施“累进制”学费，促进教育机会的公平，并完善学生资助体系，鼓励社会团体的教育捐赠以减轻个人成本分担比例和财政负担。