5种入侵植物提取物对2种芒果病原真菌的抑制作用

摘要

以马缨丹(Lantana camara Linn.)、薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha Kunth.)、含羞草(Mimosa pudica Linn.)、假臭草(Praxelis clematidea Cassini.)和三裂叶蟛蜞菊(Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc.)为材料,采用菌丝生长速率法研究这5种入侵植物乙醇提取物对芒果炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides和蒂腐菌Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat的抑菌活性,并利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析假臭草的主要抑菌物质.菌丝生长速率法的实验结果表明:5种入侵植物提取液对2种病原真菌均具有抑菌活性,且抑菌效果随浓度的增加而增强;其中马缨丹提取物对蒂腐菌抑制效果最好,其EC50为10.39 g·L-1,假臭草提取液对炭疽菌和蒂腐菌均有较强的抑菌效果,EC50分别为14.70 g·L-1和14.77 g·L-1.采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法分析鉴定了假臭草提取物中的14种化学成分,其中4,5,6,7-四甲氧基黄酮、熊果苷和l,2,4-环己三醇这3种物质占总含量的81.85％.%Five common invasive plants,Lantana camara Linn,Mikania micrantha Kunth,Mimosa pudica Linn,Praxelis clematidea Cassini and Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc were extracted with ethanol to detect their antifungal activities on Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz.& Sacc by using mycelial growth rate method.The major components of the extracts were determined by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The results showed that the extracts from the five alien invasive plants contained anti-fungal activities against these two fungi and that their inhibition rate of the fungi increased with the concentration of the extracts.Among the extracts the extract of L.camara Linn displayed the highest inhibitory activity on B.theobromae Pat.,with an EC50 being 10.39 g · L-1.The extracts of Mikania micrantha had strong antimicrobial activity on B.theobromae Pat and C.gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz.& Sacc,with the EC50 of 14.70 g · L-1 and 14.77 g · L-1,respectively.GC-MS analysis revealed a total of 14 chemical constituents in the extract of M.micrantha.The major components in the extracts of M.micrarntha included 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one,5,6,7-trimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-,Arbutin and 1,2,4-Cyclohexanetriol,which made up 81.85％ of the total content.These components might be the active chemical ingredients which inhibited B.theobromae Pat and C.gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz.& Sacc.