锦灯笼提取物对 6 种植物病原真菌的抑制作用研究

摘要

[Objective]The aim of present research was to identify active plant components with strong antifungal activity and provide solid evidence for novel botanical antifungal agent development .[M ethods ] Chinese herbal plant , Physalis alkekengi ,was extracted with petroleum ether ,ethyl acetate ,acetone ,or water ,and the antifungal activities of different crude extracts were determined with the mycelium grow th rate method ,and the protective and therapeutic effects of ethyl acetate extract w hich produced the highest mycelium grow th inhibition activity were investigated against A lternaria solani by in vivo method .[Results] The results showed that the ethyl acetate extract exhibited greater antifungal activity than other extracts ,especially against V alsa m ali and A lternaria solani ,and the inhibition rates were up to 73. 53% and 83. 41% at 96 h ,respectively .M eanw hile ,the EC50 values of ethyl acetate extract against A lternaria solani was 0. 79 g· L －1 ,and the EC50 values of ethyl acetate extract against V alsa m ali and Fusarium spp .were 1. 30 g·L －1 and 1. 44 g· L －1 ,respectively .The protective and therapeutic effects of ethyl acetate extract against A lternaria solani in tomato fruit were measured ,and the protective function of ethyl acetate extract was higher than 50%,and the therapeutic effect was reached up to 65% at the concentration of 10 g·L －1 .[Conclusion] The results indicated a bunch of secondary metabolites existing in Physalis alkekengi w hich exhibited excellent antifungal effects against many phytopathogenic fungi and pos‐sessed the potential to be developed as botanic antifungal agents .%[目的]寻找具有较高抑菌作用的植物活性物质,为开发新型植物源抗菌剂奠定基础. [方法]本研究以中药锦灯笼为研究对象,通过石油醚、乙酸乙酯、丙酮和水对其浸提;采用菌丝生长速率法测定了不同溶剂提取物对6种供试植物病原菌的抑菌活性;进一步研究了锦灯笼乙酸乙酯提取物对供试病原菌的毒力及对番茄早疫病菌的活体防治效果.[结果]结果显示,与其余几种溶剂的提取物相比,锦灯笼乙酸乙酯提取物对供试菌的抑制作用最为突出,尤其对苹果树腐烂病菌和番茄早疫病菌的抑制效果最为明显,96 h时的抑菌率分别高达73.53% 和83.41%;锦灯笼乙酸乙酯提取物对供试菌有较强的毒力,其中对番茄早疫病菌的毒力最强,EC50为0.79 g·L －1 ,对苹果树腐烂病菌和葡萄圆斑根腐病菌的 EC50分别为1.30 g·L －1和1.44 g·L －1 ;锦灯笼乙酸乙酯提取物对番茄果实上寄生的早疫病菌有良好的防治效果,发现10 g·L －1的该提取物对番茄早疫病菌的预防效果达到50% 以上,治疗效果也达到了65% 以上.[结论]本研究结果表明锦灯笼体内存在丰富的抗菌活性物质,对多种植物病原真菌具有较强的抑制作用,具备开发成植物源抗菌剂的潜力.