公路运输效率高低是衡量公路运输发展水平的重要依据.随着可持续发展战略的实施,经济增长方式由粗放型向集约型转变,必然要求公路运输提高生产效率,优化发展模式.本文从投入和产出两个层面建立公路运输效率评价指标体系,基于DEA方法构建了综合评价模型,定量测算公路运输综合效率、技术效率和规模效率,并采用31省份的投入产出截面数据进行实证分析.结果显示:半数省份DEA有效,公路运输综合效率存在较明显的地域差异；2/3的省份达到规模效益递减或不变,增加要素投入对提高综合效率不具积极性；资源投入过度、要素使用效率低下是导致运输效率不高的主要因素.最后针对公路运输发展中存在的主要问题提出相应的发展模式.%Transport efficiency is an important index for road transport service evaluatation. With the implementation of the sustainable strategy, China's economic growth will undergo a transition from extensive to intensive one. It thus requires a more efficient road transport and optimized development mode. This paper proposes a road transport efficiency evaluation indicator system in terms of input and output. The integrated evaluation model is developed based on the DEA method to quantitatively measure the comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency and scale efficiency. The case studies are based on the I-O cross-sectional data from 31 provinces of China. The results show that 1/2 of the those provinces is DEA valid, road transport efficiency have remarkable differences among various areas; 2/3 of those provinces' scales effect is degressive or unchanging; the only factor input is useless to promote transport efficiency; excessive resource input and low factor-utility are main factors resulting in low transport efficiency. In the last section, the paper discusses a suitable development mode concerning critical issues for road transport development.
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