分析了货运通道系统成本中内部成本和外部成本的组成及内在关系,建立了内部成本和外部成本的计算模型,探讨了系统成本与运量的关系、内部成本与外部成本的关系对通道规划最优运量的影响,并进行了案例分析.研究表明,由于系统成本中外部成本的作用,由系统成本决定的社会均衡运量要比由用户成本决定的用户理想运量小,且外部成本占系统成本中的比重越大,社会均衡运量与用户理想运量的差距越大.在案例分析中,货物A的外部成本在系统成本中比重较大,社会均衡运量为5.7吨,用户理想运量为7.1吨,二者差值1.4吨.研究结论可以为货物运输通道的规划提供参考.%The paper analyzes the compositions and relationship of the internal and external costs of the freight transport corridor system. Based on case studies, a model is accordingly developed to explore the effect of the relationship between the system cost and transport volume and the interaction between the internal and external costs on the planning optimization transport volume of the corridor. It is found that because of the impact of the external cost, the social equilibrium transport volume determined by the system cost is smaller than the user-expected minimum transport volume determined by the user cost. With raising the ratio of external cost in the system cost, the difference between the social equilibrium transport volume and the user-expected minimum transport volume is increased. The results provide helps to the reasonable planning of fright transport corridors.
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