小说教：古典小说道德-欲望叙事中的统摄调和机制--以“三言”为例

摘要

Ideological education function and entertainment function exist paradoxically in popular novels of Ming and Qing Dynasties at the same time. They are regulated by the “novel fetishism” in two ways, on one hand, advocating the friendship, prizing righteousness and benevolence which subject to group interests and moral paradigm; on the other hand, showing a variety of possibilities of getting success and rich-ness, meeting the public desire for status and wealth. With the help of the vivid narration of circular causation and controlling desire, the “novel fetishism” guide the essentially conflicting concept of fame and fortune into the predetermined way that constituted by conscience and foreordination.%明清通俗小说的思想教化功能与娱乐消闲功能同时存在，两者互为犄角、辩证统一，被小说教统摄、调和，达成均势。以“三言”为例，小说教在其中既倡导友情至上、轻财重义等符合群际利益的行为准则与道德范式，又彰显变泰发迹的种种可能，借以满足市民阶层对获得地位、财富的渴望。整体上，小说教借助对因果循环、节制欲望的生动宣讲，将本质上冲突的名利观与财富观导入遵循天理人心、服从宿命安排的教化轨道，为自身开辟通畅无阻的传播路径。