搜集1972—2011年间我国发生的化工行业突发大气污染事故案例,针对非交通运输源事故,分别从发生环节、污染物质、发生时间3个角度进行统计分析,深入探讨各个环节所发生事故的具体原因,指出事故发生量和等级变化趋势.结果表明:贮存环节和生产环节是事故多发环节,事故类型以爆炸泄漏事故为主,每年的二、三季度为事故多发季,氯气、硫化氢、一氧化碳、氨气、苯及苯系物 5 类物质泄漏频次最多、伤亡量最大,事故平均死亡人数在统计区间内呈现先升高后降低的年际变化趋势,事故等级金字塔由底部小中间大的较大事故高发型向底部大上部小的较小事故高发型演变.结合上述分析结果,从生产者的角度提出了防范措施及建议.%Sudden atmospheric pollution cases in domestic chemical industry(1972-2011)were collected. Non-transport sourced cases were analyzed from three perspectives:occurring links,pollutants and the time of occurrence. The causes,the variation tendency of accidents' amount and grade were discussed. The results showed that storage and production were two accident-prone links;explosion and leakage were the main types of accidents;most cases were in the second and third quar-ters of the year;and chlorine,hydrogen sulfide,carbon monoxide,ammonia,benzene and BTEX caused most leakageand also the most destructive accidents.Within the statistical range,the annual death of per accident rises at first and goes down later. As time progresses,the accident range pyramid changes from the one with a small bottom and a big middle to the one with a big bottom and a small top. According to the above analysis results,some preventingmeasures and suggestions were proposed for possible producers.
展开▼
