不同磷肥水平对春玉米中单509叶片光合特性及产量的影响

摘要

Maize is the largest crop in China. Fertilizers show significant impact on maize growth and yield improvement. In this study, Zhongdan509, a spring maize cultivar recommended in Tianjin, was used to analyze the physiological characteristics of leaves and yield under different levels of phosphate supplement. The results show that photosynthetic rates and chlorophyll content reached the maximum on flowering time. Leaves photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll content and yield could reach the maximum when the phosphate fertilizer was at the level of 75.00 kg/hm2. Leaves photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll content and yield showed significant differences between each other, except for a few growing period. This research established a correlation between phosphate supplement and yield. So, some theoretical and technical guidance are provided for the application of phosphate fertilizer to obtain high efficiency and high yield of Zhongdan509.%玉米是中国第一大粮食作物，肥料是影响其生长和产量的重要因素之一。本研究采用天津市主推春玉米品种之一的中单509，探索不同磷肥处理对中单509生长期叶片光合特性及产量性状的影响。结果表明，玉米叶片光合速率和叶绿素含量都在开花期达最大值；不同施磷处理均以施磷量为75.00 kg/hm2时玉米叶片光合速率、叶绿素含量及产量等指标为最高；玉米叶片光合速率、叶绿素含量与产量数据之间除个别生长期外，均达到显著和极显著正相关；通过试验，建立了施磷量与产量之间的施肥方程。本研究为中单509高效高产的磷肥施用提供了理论及技术指导。