为获得熔体微分静电纺纳米纤维和取向纳米线，提出旋进气流辅助和辊子收集相结合的熔体微分静电纺丝工艺及装置，通过改变工艺参数可有效调控纤维细度及最终纳米线的取向度。采用扫描电子显微镜观察并测算了纤维的平均直径及取向度，采用X射线衍射仪测试了取向纳米线的结晶度。结果表明：旋进气流速度越大，纤维直径越细，当气流速度为20 m／s时，纤维平均直径达到500 nm；气流速度与辊子旋转线速度越接近，纳米线取向性越好；当接收辊子线速度接近旋进气流速度20 m／s时，纳米线取向度最好，单喷头制备的数十根纳米纤维聚拢成线，此时取向纳米线的结晶度最高。%The melt differential electrospinning process and device combining swirl air intake assisting with roll collection was put forward to prepare melt electrospun nanofibers and oriented nanowires. By changing the process parameters, the diameter of the fibers and the orientation of the final nanowires can be effectively controlled. The average diameter and orientation of the fibers were observed and measured by SEM and the degree of crystallinity of the oriented nanowires was measured by XRD. The experiment shows when the speed of swirl air intake is getting larger, the diameter of the fiber become smaller. When the speed of swirl air intake is 20 m/s, the average diameter of fiber can be up to 500 nm. When the speed of swirl air intake is close to the rotating line speed, the orientation of fiber is exceedingly good. When the rotating line speed is close to 20 m/s, the nanowire orientation is the best. Dozens of fibers prepared by single nozzle gathered into wires and the crystallinity of the nanowire was the highest.
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