This paper analyzed the reality of China's energy efficiency and its influencing factors in historical and regional levels. We found that, energy consumption structure and industrial structure were important factors of energy intensity, there was a big gap of China's energy efficiency compared to the United States and other developed countries or Brazil, Mexico and other developing countries, so it become a priority to improve energy efficiency. The higher energy efficiency of domestic provinces mainly include Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong, which were closely related to their economic development level and energy consumption structure. Therefore, China should increase the proportion of high quality energy consumption, and promote the upgrading of industrial structure in order to optimize energy consumption structure , and promote changing of the foreign trade structure and enhancing the position of our value chain in the global division of labor in order to improve our energy efficiency and reduce environmental pollution intensity by technological progress. In addition , local government should be developed differentia-ted energy saving targets and policy measures necessary, which not only consider the general factors, but also consider the special factors in the region to promote regional economic , energy and environmental coordinated development.%本文对我国能源利用效率的现实状况及其影响因素进行历史纵向分析和地区层面的横向比较，发现：能源消费结构调整、产业结构是能源消耗强度的重要影响因素；我国的能源利用效率与美日等发达国家，巴西、墨西哥等发展中国家相比都存在较大差距，改进和提高能源利用效率已成为我国的当务之急；国内能源利用效率较高的省份主要是北京、上海和广东，与其经济发展水平、能源消费结构密切相关。因此，我国应提高优质能源消费比重，推动产业结构的优化升级以优化能源消费结构；推动对外贸易结构的转变，提升我国在全球价值链分工中的地位，通过技术进步提高我国的能源利用效率和降低环境污染强度；制定有区别的区域节能目标和政策措施，既要考虑一般性影响因素，也要考虑本地区特殊影响因素，促进地区经济、能源和环境社会的协调发展。
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