王弼形而上哲学的现实关怀--会通“名教”与“自然”关系的尝试

摘要

名教与自然的关系问题，是如何解决魏晋士人现实生存悲剧性的核心问题，也是魏晋玄学的核心问题。王弼在把老庄的“无”提升为更纯粹的本体论基础上，赋予“自然”以超越的境界旨趣，并论述自然与“无”“性”“理”的关系，扩大了道家的“自然”概念，赋予“自然”人的情感和社会文化的新内涵，使得现实的“名教”有了合理根据，为弥合悲剧意识的魏晋士人诗化人生境界的出现奠定了理论基础。%The relation between the Confucian ethical code and Nature is the key to solving the problem of Weijin scholars’ life tragedy and also the core of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Lao Zhuang’s“WU”is promoted to a purer ontology in Wang Bi’s philosophy. Based on the upgraded“WU”,“Nature”is transcended;a clear relationship between“WU”,“XING”and“li”is discussed;and the connotation of “Nature” is given personal emotion and social culture. And thus the Confucian ethical code can be proved reasonably. All of these lay the theoretical foundation of Weijin scholar’s poeticizing realm of life to eliminate their consciousness of tragedy.