论康德道德形而上学对亚里士多德“四因说”的实践转化

摘要

一门探究“存在之为存在”和“实体”的学问在亚里士多德那里被把握为形而上学。康德在摧毁了一种知性的旧的形而上学之余，着力建构的是道德形而上学，其中理论理性上的原因概念与其说被抛弃毋宁说是被转化为实践意义上的根据或原因。在亚氏的形而上学中，“四因说”扮演了形而上学探究中的重要角色，那么在康德的实践的形而上学里面，如何理解康德将传统理论理性中的“四因说”转换并纳入到实践理性的根据或原因的讨论之中，则是把握康德伦理学内在结构的一个新角度。%A philosophical work concerning“being understood as being"and“being(ousia)"is regarded by Aristotle as metaphysics.When Kant destroyed the old rational metaphysics,he made every effort to construct moral meta-physics.In the course of this,he transformed the concepts of cause in thereotical rationality into the ground or cau-ses in practical rationality rather than merely discarded them.If it is held that in Aristotle”s metaphysics,the“Four Causes"play a crucial role in metaphysical research,then how to understand Kant”s transformation and incorpora-tion of the“Four Causes"into the traditional theoretical rationality into the discussion of the ground and causse in his practical rationality in his new practical metaphysics,proves to be a new perspective to understand the inner structure of his ethics.