刘知几《史通》与“小说”观念的系统化——兼论唐传奇文体发生过程中小说与历史的关系

摘要

Liu Zhiji's Shi Tongis a famous historical work as well as the first work with system concept of story in China. He conformed story to standard with historical narration and negatived the independent position of story style, which in fact brought about advance in story theory. He classified "unofficial history and story" into ten, which was for differentiated the story style for the first time in history. He summarized the disadvantages of stories, which clearly showed the style characteristics. All these undoubtedly afforded the important theoretical preparations for the rise of story style in Tang Dynasty.%刘知几《史通》是一部史学名著，也是我国第一部具有系统小说观念的学术著作。他以史学叙事原则规范小说、否定小说的独立文体地位，却在事实上促进了小说理论的发展。他将“偏记小说”分为10类，是历史上第一次对小说文体的精细辨析。他总结的小说文体弊端，说明了小说独立的文体特征。这些都在实际上为唐代小说的文体发生提供了重要的理论准备。