基于合作博弈的易腐品联合采购策略分析

摘要

In order to reduce purchasing cost, and maintain long competitiveness, enterprises often adopt joint purchasing policy. A cost allocation model for retailers' joint purchasing perishable items was established based on the characteristics of perishable products. In this model, the cost allocation problem of jointly purchasing perishable products among retailers was converted into a cost allocation game based on the cooperation game theory. Analysis of retailer's behaviors proves that the cost allocation game is concave, and there exists an optimal joint purchasing policy. The results show that joint purchasing saves the fixed ordering cost and the total cost per unit time for every retailer, and the cost saving increases with the decay rate. In addition, when considering the coordination cost, if the ratio of the fixed ordering cost to the sum of inventory cost and purchasing cost is decreasing, the corresponding cost allocation game satisfies subadditivity and has nonempty core.%为了降低采购成本、保持持久的竞争能力,企业采取了联合采购策略.针对易腐品的特点,建立了多销售商联合采购的成本分摊模型,利用合作博弈理论,将联合采购的成本分摊问题转换为费用分摊博弈问题.通过对销售商联合采购行为的研究,证明了该博弈为凹博弈,且存在最优的联合订货策略.研究发现:联合采购降低了单位时间内各销售商的固定订货成本及总成本,并且联合采购降低成本的优势随着产品损耗率的增大而更加显著.此外,当考虑协调成本时,若固定订货成本与库存成本、产品购买成本之和的比值递减,则该类博弈满足次加性并且核心非空.