有机肥对高速公路建设损毁土壤的微生物学性状及酶活性的影响

摘要

[目的]研究不同施肥处理短期内对高速公路工程建设损毁赤红壤的微生物学性状及酶活性的影响.[方法]利用温室盆栽类芦Neyraudia reynaudiana试验,以高速公路工程建设损毁的赤红壤为对照(CK),设计3个处理,分别为与蚓粪等NPK量的化肥(HF)、牛粪(NF)和蚓粪(YF),采用主成分分析法研究不同处理对土壤微生物学性状及土壤酶活性的影响.[结果]施NF处理较施HF处理的土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮、土壤呼吸、代谢熵、细菌、真菌和放线菌数量分别显著提高了70%、96%、1239%、699%、300%、1155%和272%,土壤转化酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶、β–葡萄糖苷酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性分别显著提高了61%、37%、36%、119%、259%、1973%、175%和550%,YF处理较施HF处理的相应微生物指标分别显著提高了80%、130%、1458%、773%、295%、324%和285%,相应土壤酶活性分别显著提高了66%、40%、52%、128%、302%、1641%、182%和428%(P<0.05).[结论]短期内,施NF和YF的有机肥处理比施HF处理更有助于改善土壤微生物学性状,提高土壤酶活性,提升工程建设损毁土壤的综合质量;施NF和施YF处理对土壤微生物学性状和酶活性的影响差异不大.添加有机肥是快速修复工程建设损毁土壤的有效方式.%[Objective]To study the short-term effects of different fertilizers on microbial characteristics and enzyme activities of lateritic soil degraded by highway construction.[Method]Greenhouse pot experiments were performed using Neyraudia reynaudiana. The lateritic soil degraded by highway construction was used as control(CK). Three fertilization treatments included chemical fertilizer(HF) with the same NPK degree as vermicompost, cattle manure (NF) and vermicompost (YF). The effects of different treatments on soil microbial characteristics and enzyme activities were investigated by principal component analysis.[Result]Compared with HF treatment, soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, soil respiration, amounts of metabolic entropy, bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes significantly increased by 70%, 96%, 1239%, 699%, 300%, 1155% and 272% respectively in NF treatment, and increased by 80%, 130%, 1458%, 773%, 295%, 324% and 285% respectively in YF treatment(P<0.05). Soil invertase, urease, catalase, acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, acetylglucosaminidase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities significantly increased by 61%, 37%, 36%, 119%, 259%, 1973%, 175% and 550% respectively in NF treatment, and increased by 66%, 40%, 52%, 128%, 302%, 1641%, 182% and 428% respectively in YF treatment (P<0.05).[Conclusion]In short-term, applying organic fertilizer such as cattle manure and vermicompost is better than using chemical fertilizer for improving soil microbial properties, enhancing soil enzyme activities and improving comprehensive quality of soil degraded by construction. NF and YF treatments have no significant differences in their effects on soil microbial properties and enzyme activities. Applying organic fertilizer is an effective way to repair rapidly the soil degraded by construction.