有机肥对高速公路建设损毁土地土壤肥力的修复及类芦生长的响应

摘要

为研究短期内不同施肥处理对高速公路工程建设损毁土地的土壤肥力修复作用,以类芦为研究对象进行温室盆栽试验.结果表明:蚓粪和牛粪处理较化肥和对照处理土壤容重显著降低,土壤pH值、土壤孔隙度、田间持水量、有机质和全氮含量显著增大(P<0.001);施蚓粪和牛粪处理,类芦干质量、株高、分蘖数、根系总根长、根表面积、根体积和根均直径以及植株氮、磷、钾养分累积量都显著高于施化肥和对照处理(P<0.05);单施化肥抑制了类芦生长,类芦生长特征和植株氮、磷、钾养分累积量都较对照差;施牛粪和施经蚯蚓处理牛粪产生的蚓粪对土壤理化综合质量的影响差异不大,但蚓粪比牛粪能有效促进类芦植株分蘖和根系发育.短期内,施蚓粪和牛粪比施化肥能显著改善高速公路工程建设损毁土地的土壤物理性状,提升土壤理化综合质量并促进作物生长,施有机肥,特别是施蚓粪是快速修复高速公路工程建设损毁土地的土壤肥力的有效方式.%The effects of short-term different fertilizing treatments on repairing fertility of soil degraded by high-way construction and growth of Neyraudia reynaudiana were studied by greenhouse pot experiment with Neyraudia reynaudiana. The results showed:vermicompost and cattle manure treatment,compared with chemical fertilizer and contrast treatment,significantly decreased the soil bulk density and increased soil pH value and soil porosity,field moisture capacity,organic matter and total nitrogen (P<0. 001);under the vermicompost and cattle manure treat-ment,the Neyraudia reynaudiana plant dry weight,height,tiller number,root total length,root surface area,root vol-ume,root average diameter and N,P,K nutrient accumulation were obviously higher than that under chemical fertil-izer and contrast treatment (P <0. 05). Chemical fertilizer only inhibited the growth of Neyraudia reynaudiana, plant growth characteristics were worse than contrast. Cattle manure treatment and vermicompost produced by trea-ting cattle manure with earthworm treatment were almost the same in the effect of soil physical and chemical com-prehensive quality,but vermicompost treatment was more effective in promoting the Neyraudia reynaudiana plant tiller and root development than cattle manure treatment. In short-term,vermicompost and cattle manure treatment are better for improvement of soil physical properties,enhancing soil physical and chemical comprehensive quality and promoting corp growth of land degraded by highway construction compared with chemical fertilizer treatment. Organic fertilizer,especially vermicompost is an effective treatment for rapidly repairing land degraded by construc-tion.