广义的“纯粹理性”包含感性吗？--《纯粹理性批判》中的一个重要问题探析

摘要

That whether generalized“pure reason”includes sensibility is an important issue on which scholars have different views in the Critique of Pure reason:Prof. Qi Liang-ji,a scholar of China,and Prof. Kemp Smith,a scholar of English,say“yes”while Dr. Yi Xiao-bo,a scholar of China,says“no”to this issue. The generalized pure reason includes sensibility because of the following reasons:Firstly,generalized reason includes understanding,and understand-ing and sensibility are mutual infiltrative and inseparable;Secondly,the transcendental aesthetic is a part of the doctrine of elements of pure reason;Thirdly, the problem how pure mathematics is possible belongs to the general problem of pure reason;Fourthly, Kant believes that all rational knowledge can be either philosophy or pure mathematics, while pure mathematics is a science about pure form of sensibility.%康德的《纯粹理性批判》包含一个重要问题：所谓“纯粹理性”是否包含了感性？对此问题，学者们给出了不同的回答，例如齐良骥先生、康蒲·斯密教授持肯定观点，而易晓波博士则持反对意见。如果对“纯粹理性”作最广义的理解，它理当包含感性在内。这主要是因为：广义的纯粹理性包含了知性，而知性和感性是相互渗透、不可分割的；先验感性论是“纯粹理性的要素论”的一个部分；纯粹数学如何可能的问题，属于纯粹理性的总课题；康德认为，一切理性知识要么是哲学的知识，要么是数学的知识，而纯粹数学是关于感性纯形式的科学。