在单句中，“V过”中的“过”有表示过去的“已然”的绝对时制功能；在复句非谓语位置上，“V过”中的“过”有表“异时”的相对时制功能。“过”在一定条件下可用或不用，与“过”相对应的英语时制标记即动词的“过去时”、“现在完成时”、“过去完成时”、即非限定小句“V+ed”则不能省略。英语用不同的动词形式表示绝对时制和相对时制，而汉语的“过”既可以表示绝对时制，也可以表示相对时制。%“Guo(过)”functions as an absolute time marker in a single-predicate sentence in which speech time equals event time,and as a relative time marker in non-predicate position in com-plex sentence.As the absolute time marker,“Guo(过)”means the previous time;As the relative time marker,it means the different time.“Guo(过)”can be replaced by time words or syntactic compo-nents under certain conditions.By comparison,the equivalents of “Guo(过)”in English,past tense, progressive tense or the non-finite clause “V+ing”English must be used.English uses different verb forms to express the absolute time and relative tense,while “Guo(过)”in Chinese can express the two tenses.
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