"中国大众养老观念调查"对青年人与老年人养老观念的测量结果显示:从养老责任的承担主体来看,子女在现代社会共同成为承担养老责任的首要主体,青年人的养老责任感更强.同时,政府和老年人自己也承担了一定的养老责任,养老责任承担主体的多元化趋势比较明显.此外,老年人对"养儿防老"观念的认同度依然很高,但青年人对该观念的认可度已经出现了一定程度的弱化.最后,女性在养老中开始发挥着重要作用,"儿子女儿一样养老"已经成为了青年人和老年人的普遍共识.从养老内容的基本认知来看,青年人与老年人对养老内容的重视程度从高到低依次为经济供养、生活照料和精神慰藉.但是,青年人与老年人对养老内容的具体认知仍然存在着比较显著的差别.其中,老年人更看重"身体健康"和"有娱乐学习生活",青年人更看重"居住环境"、"家人陪伴"和"有老朋友",青年人和老年人对"衣食无忧"的认知差异不大.从养老模式的具体认知来看,赞同"老年人和子女一起居住",反对养老院养老是青年人和老年人的基本共识,但是青年人与老年人对养老院养老的认可程度已经有所提高.青年人与老年人养老观念变迁中存在的共识和差异是我国传统反馈模式与西方接力模式博弈与融合的必然结果, 这将会在很长时间影响我国青年人和老年人养老观念未来变迁的逻辑、路径和模式.此外,青年人与老年人养老观念的发展可以通过养老机制的变迁来获得理解,家庭养老机制是我国养老实践的基础,社会养老机制和自我养老机制是家庭养老机制的有益补充和必要延伸, 多种养老机制并存将会是我国养老机制变迁的未来趋势.因此,单纯依靠家庭养老机制或者偏重社会养老机制在我国现阶段的养老实践中并不具有现实可行性,而以家庭养老机制为基础、以社会养老机制和自我养老机制为补充的多元格局在我国现阶段的养老实践中仍然具有巨大的实践价值, 这为我国构建养老主体责任承担的多元机制、重视民众对养老内容的多样化需求、逐步完善多层次养老体系建设提供了基本方向.%The CPIOACS show, from the viewpoint of the main body responsible for providing for the aged, sons and daughters shoulder the first responsibility in providing for the aged, but young people have stronger willingness to share the responsibility. In addition, the government and the elderly themselves also bear the corresponding pension obligations. Diversified development tendency to shoulder the responsibility becomes obvious. In addition, the old people's recognition of the concept of "bringing up sons to support parents in their old age" is still very high, but young people's recognition of this concept has already appeared a certain weakness. Finally, women begin to play an important role in providing for the aged. The concept of"The son and daughter are the same to look after the elderly" has become the common consensus of young people. From the basic understanding of the contents of providing for the aged, the order that the young and the old pay attention to is economic support, life care and spiritual comfort. However, there are still significant differences in the specific cognition of providing for the aged for them. Among them, older people pay more attention to "healthy body" and "having a life with entertainment and learning". Young people pay more attention to "living environment", "accompanying family members" and "having old friends". There is no difference concerning "food and clothing" between them. From the specific ideas on the mode of providing for the aged, pro to the elderly and young people living together and con to nursing home is the basic consensus of them, but the recognition of nursing home of the young and the old has increased. The change of ideas about providing for the aged in the elderly and young people is the result of the integration of the feedback mode and the relay mode. It will affect the logic, path and model of the future changes in the concept of providing for the aged in China for a long time. The development of the ideas can be understood through changes in the mechanism of providing for the aged. The family is the basic mechanism in China's providing for the aged. The social mechanism and the self-care mechanism are useful supplements and necessary extensions of the family mechanism. The coexistence of multiple mechanisms will be the basic trend of the future development of the providing for the aged mechanism in China. Therefore, relying solely on the family pension system or the emphasis on the social pension mechanism does not have the practical feasibility in the current stage of pension practice in China, but based on the family pension mechanism, supplemented by the social pension mechanism and the self-care mechanism China, there is still great practical value in the current retirement practice. This provides a basic direction for China to construct multiple mechanisms for the undertaking of the main body, pay attention to the diversified needs of the people for the content of providing for the aged, and gradually improve the construction of a multilevel system of providing for the aged.
展开▼
