用乐以合《周礼》：试论北宋宫廷雅乐改革

摘要

There were six main reforms of court music from 960 to 1 106,among which Lizha style of Renzong Emperor,Liuji and Yangjie style of Emperor Shenzong,Fanzhen style of Em-peror Zhezong and Dashen style of Emperor Huizong were the most prominent.The whole style of reforms of court music reveals that the leading thought of reform is that music should accord with zhouli.This practice reflects the influence of Song’s emphasis on Zhouli and their ignorance of Lij i and Yili .Despite their efforts in reforming court music,the northern Song dynasty failed to form an ideal music style due to literati and scholars’poor knowledge of music,their mutual conflict and the impact of Revivalism.However,the perseverance and exploration of literati and scholars of the northern Song dynasty remain important in the revival movement of rite and mu-sic of the Song dynasty.%北宋宫廷雅乐自太祖建隆至徽宗崇宁间就有六次比较大规模的改革。其中，宋仁宗时期的李照乐，宋神宗时期的刘几、杨杰乐，宋哲宗时期的范镇乐和宋徽宗时期的大晟乐，最为突出。从雅乐改革的始末可以看出，北宋宫廷雅乐改革的主导思想是“用乐以合《周礼》”，这是受宋人轻《礼记》、《仪礼》而最重《周礼》理念的影响，同时又是这一理念的具体实践。北宋君臣对雅乐改革虽做出多次努力，但始终没有形成较为理想的雅乐，其原因包括士大夫本身不晓音律，又相互倾轧，复古主义的影响等。不过，北宋士大夫在改乐过程中所表现出的执着以及做出的努力探索，成为宋代礼乐复兴运动的重要组成部分。