国家、社团与个人视野下的民国乡村建设运动及其嬗变——以平教会为中心的考察

摘要

The effects of different kinds of communities play an important role in the nation-state building process in modern times.In the course of community activities, national power frequently got involved in by various means to achieve its political will.As one of the major forces of the rural reconstruction movement during the Republic of China, the working process of the Chinese National Association of the Mass Education Movement is also a strengthening process of cooperating with the political forces.During the process, the Chinese National Association of the Mass Education Movement not only expanded its experiment area, but also deepened its objectives, and formed its own rural reconstruction pattern.It is an example to discuss the interaction between "state-community" and society through a detailed investigation of the Chinese National Association of the Mass Education Movement.%各种新兴社团是近代以来民族国家构建中有别于传统社会的重要因素,在这些社团的活动过程中,国家力量为实现其政治意志而通过各种手段参与其中.平教会作为民国乡村建设的主要力量之一,其工作过程也是其与政治力量合作加强的过程.在这种合作的框架下,平教会不仅将乡村建设区域从华北扩展到华西,同时也将乡村建设工作从改造农民、农村扩大到改造整个中国,并最终形成其特有的乡村建设模式.对平教会及其活动的具体考察,是探讨近代以来"国家-社团"与社会之间互动关系的一个具体实例.