事死如事生：魏晋十六国河西镇墓文解读

摘要

Since the 1950s, many tomb writings were discovered in Hexi area. These tomb writings mainly recorded five aspects of content, such as the death time and twelve gods of Jian-chu information, the dead's living place, name and other relevant information, note speech and speech about separating life and death, gods linking up people and ghost as well as things replacing the dead to suffer blame and punishment, with the purpose of separating life and death, making the deceased rest in peace and removing evil from the living. These reflect the funeral idea of taking death as life and reproduce Hexi people's abundant life word in Wei-Jin Dynasties and Sixteen States to some extent.%20世纪50年代以来，河西地区发现了许多魏晋十六国镇墓文。这些镇墓文主要书写死者去世时间及建除十二直、死者生前所在郡县乡里、死者姓名及相关信息、解注辞与隔绝生死辞、沟通人鬼的神灵以及代替死者承受央咎、罚作的承负之物等六个方面的内容，主要目的在于隔绝生死、使死者安息、为生人除害。这反映出民众“事死如事生”的丧葬观念，并在一定程度上再现了魏晋十六国时期河西民众丰富的生活世界。