激情与权威--霍布斯主权理论新释

摘要

Hobbes’s theory of sovereignty was regarded as“absolutism”and even wrongly as “despotism”or“totalitarianism”because it emphasized the sovereign’s authority that was exclusive, supreme and absolute. Hobbes tried to endow the sovereign with absolute authority to quell the subjects ’passion, to have them thoroughly break away from the cobative passion and obey the regulations of right reasoning and law. However, he did not recognize the sovereign’s authority itself also needed to be restricted and balanced, otherwise it could prevent the sovereign from abusing his power. This paper reconstructs Hobbes’s theory of sovereignty based on the relationsship of unity, foundation and application between the theory ofpassion and the theory of sovereignty.%霍布斯的主权理论因强调主权者唯一的、至上的、绝对的权威而被视为“绝对主义”，甚至被误解为“专制主义”或“极权主义”。究其根源，在于霍布斯试图通过赋予主权者绝对权威，驯顺臣民的激情，使臣民彻底摆脱倾向争斗的激情控制，服从正确理性和法律法规的约束。但是，霍布斯没有注意到主权者本身的权威也需要有制约和平衡，否则无法防止主权者的权力被滥用。该文从激情学说与主权理论的统一、主权理论的基础以及主权理论的行使之间的关联来探讨重构霍布斯的主权理论。