The metagenomic technology is introduced, which is composed of enrichment of gene DNA, extraction of DNA, construction and screening of clone libraries, etc. Metagenomic technology can make it possible to enormously amplify the space of microbial resource utilization it has been broadly applied in industry, agriculture and ocean etc. This methodology is of great potential for use in anaerobic digestion research, it can be used to study microbial diversity in anaerobic digestor, enable to peep at more complete scenario of microbial communities and to better find out the spatial distribution and spatio-temporal dynamics of microorganisms in anaerobic digestor, it also can reveal the microbial mechanism of anaerobic digestion, enhance efficiency of digestion reactors. Metagenomie technology provides a technology platform for the deep-seated development and utilization of microbial resources it has broad prospects in the field of industrial, agricultural, marine and other applications.%在介绍基因（组）富集、基因（组）DNA提取、文库构建及筛选等宏基因组技术的基础上,论述了宏基因组技术在厌氧消化研究中应用的重要性,认为该技术可成为研究微生物群落多样性的首选技术之一,有助于了解厌氧消化微生物的多样性、生态功能和动态变化,揭示厌氧消化微生物学机理,提高厌氧消化效能等.同时宏基因组技术为微生物资源的深层次开发利用提供了技术平台,并在工业、农业、海洋等领域具有广泛的应用前景.
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