目的 研究十溴联苯醚/三氧化二锑和可膨胀石墨对发泡聚苯乙烯复合保温材料的协同阻燃效应、保温性能和力学性能的影响.为开发建筑节能保温材料提供参考.方法 制备发泡聚苯乙烯复合保温材料,采用预先共混法将复合阻燃剂包裹在预发泡聚苯乙烯珠粒表面,通过蒸气热压成型聚苯乙烯复合板材,采用扫描电镜观察、差热分析、阻燃性能测试、导热系数和力学性能测试,对复合板材性能进行综合评价与分析.结果 添加十溴联苯醚/三氧化二锑/可膨胀石墨的聚苯乙烯复合板材具有优异的阻燃性能(离火自熄时间仅为1.3s),是由于膨胀石墨的多孔结构可对溴系阻燃剂分解的不燃气体产生有效束缚、显著提高阻燃效率所致.同时,聚苯乙烯复合板材具有较优的保温性能和力学性能.综合考虑复合阻燃剂的加入对力学性能和工艺性能的影响,阻燃剂加入量以十溴联苯醚/三氧化二锑15％(质量分数)、可膨胀石墨11％为宜.结论 通过阻燃剂包覆法制得的聚苯乙烯复合板材具有阻燃效果明显、操作方便、性能可控性好的显著优点.%A new expandable polystyrene (EPS) composite sheets was fabricated by wrapping flame retard-ants onto normal EPS beads and using hot-pressing technique. Decabromodiphenyl oxide/antimony trioxide (DBDPO/Sb2O3)and expandable graphite (EG) were chosen as two kind flame-retardants, and their effect on flame-retardant properties of the EPS sheets were investigated in details. We found that the presence of the flame-retardants can greatly improve the flame-resistance of the EPS sheets, and the self-extinguishing time of the EPS composite sheets is shortened to 1. 3 s. The high flame-resistance for the EPS composite sheets is mainly attributed to synergic effects between flame-retardants,that is,the porous structures and large surface areas of the expanded graphite are beneficial to keeping the noncombustible gas,hindering the gas release, and consequently improving the flame-retardant efficiency. On the other hand,the thermal conductivity and compressive modulus of the EPS sheets were investigated as well. The results show that the EPS composite sheets still process high thermal insulation even at high flame-retardant loadings,whereas the addition of flame-retardants can result in a decrease of compressive modulus. Hence, an optimal flame-retardant loading of 15% DBDPO/Sb2O3 and 11% EG is necessary for obtaining high flame-resistance and mechanical properties of the EPS composite sheets. In light of their high flame-resistance, high thermal insulation and easy operation,the EPS composite sheets have great potential to be applied as high-performance building materials.
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