山杏良种嫁接愈合过程中生理生化特性研究

摘要

为探讨山杏良种芽接成活机理,丰富快繁技术体系提供理论基础,本研究以沈阳农业大学选育的"山杏1号"良种为试验材料,进行不同取芽部位的对比试验以及对芽接愈合过程中生理生化特性的研究,试验采用"T"字形芽接法,以枝条上部、中部及下部共3种不同取芽部位进行对比试验,嫁接高度10cm,芽片长度2cm,每处理嫁接200株,共设3次重复.嫁接第1,3,5,7,9天于13:30分进行采样,测定嫁接体愈合部位POD、CAT、PPO活性变化及可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、粗淀粉含量,同时进行成活率调查.结果表明:上部取芽嫁接成活率最高,为95.0%;中部次之,为92.7%;下部最低,为92.0%.愈合过程中不同取芽部位的酶活性及营养物质含量变化均呈"先升高后降低"的趋势,且均在5d时达到峰值.在测定的3种活性酶中,POD、CAT活性变化与山杏良种芽接成活率呈正相关,PPO活性变化与成活率呈负相关,CAT的促进作用不如POD明显.在营养物质含量变化中,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及粗淀粉含量的变化趋势一致,均与成活率呈正相关.不同取芽部位峰值(5d)时的POD、CAT活性及可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、粗淀粉含量均表现为上部>中部>下部,PPO表现为下部>中部>上部;在不同愈合阶段中,5d的PPO活性、营养物质含量与其他天数相比差异显著,这说明5d可能是嫁接体愈伤组织形成的关键时期.%With 'Armeniaca sibirica 1' bred by Shenyang Agricultural University as test materials, we designed the contrast test of different cutting bud positions and studied the physiological-biochemical characteristics during the grafted healing process. The objective of this study was to provide theoretical basis for exploring the survival mechanism of bud-graft and enriching rapid propagation technology system. With "T" shape budding way, we designed the test of different cutting bud positions including upper, middle and lower buds. The grafting height was 10 cm, with bud length of 2 cm, with 3 replications of 200 plants in each plot. The plants were sampled at 13:30 of the 1st , 3rd, 5th, 7th , 9th days after the grafting day. The changes of POD, CAT, PPO activity and the content of soluble sugar, protein, crude starch and the survival rate were measured. The upper bud survival rate was 95.0%, the highest; the middle bud was the second with the survival rate of 92.7% and the lower bud was the lowest with the survival rate of 92.0%. The changes of enzymatic activity and nutrient with different bud positions showed a trend from higher to lower in the grafted healing process, with peaks on the 5th day. The changes of POD and CAT activity were positively correlated with the survival rate. while PPO activity was negatively correlated with it. The promotion effect of CAT was not as obvious as POD. In the changes of nutrient content, the soluble sugar, protein and crude starch had the similar trends. Their contents were positively correlated with the survival rate. The changes of POD, CAT activity and the content of soluble sugar, protein and crude starch at peak value (5d) all performed as upper-middle-lower, and the activity of PPO showed lower-middle-upper. At different healing stages, the 5th day showed very significant difference with other time, which indicated that the 5th day might be the vital phase in the progress of grafting callus formation.