司法能动主义的语境和语义考察——基于美国司法史的梳理

摘要

Judicial activism,originated from the US review of constitutionality,is a judicial philosophy and operation state in the background of common law.Looking through the US judicial history,the development of judicial activism and judicial self-restraint alternated.The political and judicial systems are the inseparable embedded context of the discussion of judicial activism in the US and the other western countries alike.Neglecting or separating from this,it will be more or less semantically deviated.Judicial activism,a multi-vocal concept with various recognition and interpretation,is characterized by the dynamic development and enriching openness.%司法能动主义发源自美国,肇端于违宪审查,它是普通法制度背景下的一种司法理念和司法形态。纵观美国两百多年司法史,司法能动主义与司法克制主义此消彼长,交替发展。美国（及西方类似国家）的政治体制和司法制度是讨论司法能动主义不可脱离的固有语境。忽视或脱离这个语境,肯定会或多或少地偏离它的本意。同时,司法能动主义不仅是一个可以多角度认识、多层面解读的多义性概念,而且表现出动态发展和不断丰富的开放性特质。