基于结构动力学和空气动力学理论,以三维不可压缩黏性流体的Navier-stokes方程和k-ε双方程紊流模型为基础,推导建立了地铁列车车头的空气动力学模型.对具有流线型头部形状的地铁B型列车以及通过变化流线型头部纵剖面或流线型头部长度设计出的3种新型列车车头的周围流场进行数值仿真.分析了地铁车辆在隧道中运行的动力学特性、气动特性、压力分布及其阻力系数,优化了车头流线型造型,达到了既减小车头气动阻力又使车头美观大方的目的.%According to the theories of structure dynamics and the aerodynamics, based on Navier-stokes and k-ε equations turbulent model, the metro train head aerodynamic model was deduced. The outside flow fields around B-type metro vehicle with streamlined head and three new train heads designed by changing the profile or length of longitudinal projection were simulated with 3-D incompressible viscous fluid theory. This paper analysed metro train's dynamics and pneumatic characteristics and pressure distribution while running in the tunnel, calculated its air resistance coefficient, and optimized the head shape to diminish aerodynamic resistance and made the metro train heads beautiful and full of times sense.
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