为了提高硬炭材料在大电流下快速充放电性能,以马铃薯淀粉为原料、磷酸为掺杂剂,在N2气氛下1000◦C热解制得马铃薯淀粉基炭材料。通过热重分析(TG, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM, Scanning Electron Mcroscope)、X射线衍射仪(XRD, X-Ray Diffraction)等测试手段对所得样品进行了详细的表征。测试结果表明：在1000◦C下,磷酸的掺杂对马铃薯淀粉热解碳有一定的影响,掺杂质量分数为2%的磷酸炭化得到的样品具有比较好的球形形貌和较大的嵌锂容量。恒流充放电结果显示出样品良好的大电流充放电性能和良好的倍率性能,10C放电时,样品可逆容量达到了0.1C放电(267.78 mA · h/g)时的42.1%,且0.1C放电时首次效率达到了59.61%。%In order to improve the rapid charge and discharge performance of hard carbon under a big electricity flow, a potato starch-based carbon material was made from the pyrolysis of raw materials, potato starch, at 1 000◦C with phosphoric acid as the doping agent under N2 atmosphere. The potato starch-based carbon materials were detailedly characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scan electron microscope (SEM) etc. The results indicated that the doping agent had a certain influence on the pyrolytic of potato starch and the sample with 2%mass fraction of phosphoric acid generated a better spherical shape and larger intercalated lithium capacity. Constant current charge and discharge experiment also showed a better performance of charge-discharge in large current condition and rate capability. The columbic efficiency at 0.1C reached 59.61%for the first time. Moreover, the reversible capacity at 10C could reach 42.1%of that at 0.1 C (267.78 m · Ah/g).
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