《汉书·艺文志》“六艺”命名考

摘要

《汉书·艺文志·六艺略》中的“六艺”之名，学术界多有讨论，但其解释并不全面，亦没有揭示出“六艺”与“六经”之间的内在联系。“六艺”的词义经历了“六种技能—六经之术—六经或六经经传”的发展过程，就实质而言，则体现出技能—学术—文本的演进；“六艺略”中的“六艺”包括“六经”、“六经之传”以及“六经之术”等内涵；“六艺略”中的《论语》《孝经》在汉代属于“六经之传”；“六艺”以礼乐为核心，孔子继承这一点，开设《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》四门课程，在这之后扩大了教学内容，增设《易》《春秋》两门，因而有与“六艺”之名相仿的“六经”之称。由于两者之间存在这种内在的逻辑关系，汉儒常用“六艺”指代“六经之术”、“六经”或者“六经”经传。刘歆采用“六艺”之名，不仅可以全面概括六经及其传注，又能凸显当时儒术的重要性。%There is much discussion about the Name of LiuYi in HanshuYiwenZhi. But the explanation isn 't sufficient and it doesn't point out the relation between LiuYi and LiuJing. This paper argues that the meaning of Li-uYi experienced such different development processes as six kinds of skills,learning of LiuJing,LiuJing or the can-ons of LiuJing. In essence,it reflects the evolution of skills,academic and text. LiuYi in LiuYiLue includes the meaning of LiuJing,explanation on LiuJing,truth on LiuJing. LunYu( the Analects of Confucius)and XiaoJing ( the Classic of Filial Piety)in LiuYiLue belong to the explanation on LiuJing in Han Dynasty. The core of LiuYi is ceremony and music. Kong Zi( Confucius)inherited this and run such four courses as Shi( the Book of Songs), Shu( the Book of History),Li( the Rites),Yue( Classic of Music). At the same time,he expanded the teaching contents,adding"the Book of Changes","the Spring and Autumn Annals". It made the name of LiuJing come in-to being. Because there is similarity between LiuYi and LiuJing,the confucian scholars in Han Dynasty used LiuYi to refer to the learning of LiuJing,LiJing or the Canons of LiuJing. The name of LiuYi which was used by Liu Xin, not only includes LiuJing and its explanations,but also highlights the importance of Confucianism.