如果说，1950～1970年代乃至新时期初期的文学叙事体现出了主流意识形态建构现代民族国家意义共同体的强烈布局欲望的话，那么1980年代中期以后，随着全球多元化语境的形成，文学开始逐步淡化意识形态色彩，更加关注人本身的生存状态。因此，以身体伦理的叙事话语来呈现国家欲望与个体生存之间的复杂缠绕，重新阐释民族国家的现代性，就成为以莫言为代表的新时期文学的基本叙述主题和重要叙事策略。莫言作品中对政治的“去蔽”与对身体的高昂实质是一种身体对政治的“身体置换术”，是对既往文学以政治指代身体的“政治置换术”思维的反拨，是一种重释现代性的历史化书写焦虑。这种身体伦理的叙事呈现与重释现代性的历史化书写，常通过对作品人物形象生命本能力量的强化叙述、“旁观”与“后设”叙事视角下多重表意空间的建构，以及“由喜向悲”与“由圆而缺”叙事走向下的文化反思等来实现。%If it makes sense that the literary narratives during 1950 ~1970 demonstrate desire of the mainstream ideology for establishing a national community,the literary productions since mid1980 cared less about ideology but more about existence of human beings.Thus body ethics were frequently employed to reveal conflicts between na-tional desire and individual conditions,and to redefine the modernity of a nation,which has become the main theme and narrative technique of present writers like Mo Yan.Degrading politics and upgrading body is actually re-placement of politics by body in Mo Yan’s works,which is both refutation to the political replacement in previous literature and historic angst in reinterpreting modernity.Such body narratives and historical reinterpretation observe and post -suppose the construction of multiple implications through highlighting the genuine life force of the char-acters,which is also embodiment of the current trend of cultural reflection.
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