英国文物借展扣押豁免立法评析

摘要

In the international exchange of cultural objects ,the immunity from seizure has become an unavoidable reality and legal problems .UK anti‐seizure legislation aims to ensure that foreign cultural relics in the UK during the period of loan shows are ex‐empted from any form of arrest ,confiscation or seizure of compulsory measures .The law is a combination of automatic authoriza‐tion model and the legislative model of applying for approval ,and its scope of application is also extended to non‐state entities ,and it is also distinctive in the detention conditions of exemption ,the opposition system ,the effectiveness of the rules and the excep‐tions clause .We need to pay close attention to developments in the field of legislation and practices emphasizing cultural security and make efforts to strike a balance between protecting the cultural objects and promoting the exchanges and cooperation of cultural relic .%在文物国际交流中，文物借展期间的扣押豁免问题业已成为一个不可回避的现实和法律难题。英国关于文物借展扣押豁免的立法旨在确保境外文物在英国借展期间免受任何形式的扣押、没收或查没等强制措施，该法是自动授权型和申请审批型立法模式的有机结合，其适用范围也扩大至非国家实体，关于扣押豁免条件、当事人异议制度、效力及其例外规则的条款也颇具特色。我们在强调文物安全的同时需要密切关注该领域立法和实践的发展动态，着力协调好加强文物保护与促进文物国际交流的关系。