不同频率全身振动训练对老年女性骨密度及下肢肌力的影响

摘要

目的:探讨低频、中频、高频振动训练对老年女性骨密度(BMD)和下肢肌力的影响,为预防老年人骨质疏松症提供依据.方法:65名60~70岁健康老年女性随机分成低频组(n=16)、中频组(n=17)、高频组(n=16)和对照组(n=16).采用美国Power-Plate振动仪进行24周(3次/周,20分钟/次.低频为10~15 Hz、中频为25~30 Hz、高频为40~45 Hz,振幅3 mm)的无负重全身振动训练.测试干预前后所有受试者股骨近端BMD和下肢等速肌力.结果:24周后1)组内比较:低频组Ward's三角区BMD,膝屈、踝屈和踝伸峰力矩显著增大(P<0.05);中频组大转子、Ward's三角区BMD,膝屈和踝伸峰力矩显著增大(P<0.05),膝伸峰力矩非常显著增大(P<0.01);高频组大转子、Ward's三角区BMD,膝屈、踝屈和踝伸峰力矩显著增大(P<0.05),膝伸峰力矩非常显著增大(P<0.01);对照组膝屈和伸峰力矩显著增大(P<0.05);2)组间比较:中频组大转子、Ward's三角区BMD和膝伸峰力矩显著大于对照组(P<0.05);高频组大转子、Ward's三角区BMD,膝屈、伸和踝屈、伸峰力矩显著大于对照组(P<0.05);高频组膝伸峰力矩显著大于中频组(P<0.05);高频组大转子、Ward's三角区BMD,膝伸峰力矩显著大于低频组(P<0.05).结论:中频和高频全身振动训练能不同程度改善老年女性股骨近端BMD和下肢肌力,且高频效果优于低频、中频,但对股骨颈的BMD影响不明显.%To investigate the effects of low frequency, intermediate frequency and high frequency vibration training on bone mineral density ( BMD ) and lower limb muscle strength in elderly women, providing evidence for the prevention of osteoporosis in the aged. Methods:A total of 65 women aged 60~70 years participated in the study. They were divided into low frequency group ( n=16) , intermediate frequency group ( n=17) , high frequency group ( n=16) and control group ( n=16 ) respectively. All subjects conducted 24 weeks ( three sessions per week, 20 min per session) whole body vibration training without loading by using Power-Plate vibration instrument. Test the BMD of proximal femur and the muscle strength of lower extremity before and after the intervention. Results:1) After 24 weeks intervention, compared with the baseline data, the BMD of Ward' s triangular space and the peak torque of knee flexion, ankle flexion and ankle extensor increased significantly in low frequency group ( P<0. 05 ); The BMD of large rotor and Ward ' s triangular space, the peak torque of knee flexion, ankle extension ( P<0.05) and knee extension ( P<0.01) increased significantly in intermediate frequency group, the BMD of large rotor and Ward's triangular space, the peak torque of knee flexion, ankle extension/flexion ( P<0. 05 ) and knee extension ( P<0. 01 ) increased significantly in high frequency group; knee flexion and flexion increased significantly in the control group ( P<0. 05 ) . 2 ) The BMD of large rotor and Ward ' s triangular space, the peak torque of knee extension in intermediate frequency group increased significantly compared with the control group ( P<0. 05 ); The BMD of large rotor and Ward ' s triangular space, the peak torque of knee flexion/extension, ankle flexion/extension in high frequency group increased significantly than the control group ( P<0. 05 ); the torque of knee extension in high frequency group increased significantly than the intermediate frequency group ( P<0.05);The BMD of large rotor and Ward's triangular space, the peak torque of knee extension in high frequency group increased significantly than the low frequency group (P<0.05). Conclusion:Intermediate and high frequency vibration training can improve the muscle strength of lower limb and the BMD of proximal femur in different degree among the elderly women, and the effect of high frequency training is better than the low frequency and intermediate frequency, but the effect of BMD on femoral neck is not obvious.