幸福的社会之维——以中国近代以来的社会变革为中心

摘要

Social transformations in China have dominated the common people' s pursuit and exploration of happy life. In modem times different thoughts to realize social happiness and social movements occurred re- peatedly in China, including the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom' s utopian construct, Kang Youwei' sideal of Great Harmony, the thinkers in the late Qing Dynasty's attempt to "justify the desire for interests" and expectation for independence and prosperity, the thinkers in the new culture movement period' s effort to transform the nation and life with scientific and democratic ideologies, and the contemporary China' s going-on transformation of the common people' s form of life by urbanization. These typical thoughts and movements represented attempts to realize good social life respectively by utopian imagination, expectation of the nation' s independence and prosperity, ideological transformation and change of form of life. From the above-mentioned, through a hard process to pursue happy life from illusion and conception to concrete civic livelihood, the common Chinese common people have learnt to carry out social movements to realize such a life no longer with passion or clamour but with simplicity and unadomedness.%中国社会变革主宰了民众对美好幸福生活的追求和探索,民众幸福与社会变迁息息相关。近代以来,就试图实现社会幸福的思想和社会运动而言,出现了诸如太平天国式的乌托邦构造以及康有为的大同理想,清末思想家＂为利欲正名＂以及对独立富强的期盼,新文化运动时期思想家用科学、民主等思想意识改造国民与生活的努力,当代中国正在经历的以城市化改造民众生活方式的变革等等,这些典型思想或社会运动分别代表着通过乌托邦的想象、国家独立富强的期许、思想意识的改造、生活方式的转变来实现美好的社会生活。从中可以看出,近代中国民众对幸福生活追求的历程,逐渐从幻想、理念走向具体的民生,意味着近代以来为实现美好生活而进行的社会变革从激情、喧嚣走向理性、平实。